A concussion is a brain injury...

...and all brain injuries are serious

A concussion can be caused by a blow to the head, a jolt to the body, or any sudden force that results in a rapid acceleration/deceleration of the brain inside the skull. Made up of a soft tofu-like substance, the impact of the brain against the rigid inside walls of the skull can cause a change in neurological function and a host of other symptoms depending on which part of the brain was injured.

 The terms "ding" or "bell rung" minimize concussions.  While most do heal within a few weeks, an athlete who returns to play before a concussion has completely resolved risks re-injuring an already injured brain, which can have catastrophic consequences.  Although rare, adolescents seem most vulnerable to this rapid brain swelling known as second impact syndrome which can be fatal. Additionally, multiple concussions suffered prior to complete resolution of a previous injury can result in prolonged symptoms lasting weeks, months, or years.  Know how to minimize the risk of a complicated recovery if you suspect a concussion.

           Signs reported by observers                                    Symptoms reported by athlete 

Seek medical help immediately if...

 Most concussions do not result in emergency care.  However, if symptoms worsen, you notice behavioral changes or any of the following, seek care urgently:

• headaches that worsen

• seizures

• neck pain

• very drowsy, can't be awakened

• repeated vomiting

• increasing confusion or irritability

• weakness, numbness in arms and legs

• unable to recognize people/places, less responsive than usual

   If you observe any of the above signs, call your doctor or go to the emergency room immediately

  Source:  ACE Post-Concussion Home/School Instructions  Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC

  Diagnostic tests for concussions  Unfortunately, there are few good imaging options for concussions A negative MRI or CT scan does not mean a brain injury did not occur. A concussion is "a software problem, not a hardware problem," in other words, they are rarely detectable through the use of either of these diagnostic tests. However, CT scans and MRIs are valuable in ruling out more severe problems such as hematomas and skull fractures.  CT scans can add significant amounts of radiation to one's overall lifetime accumulation, so make sure they are warranted. CT scan MRI