MUNCIE, Ind. -- Student-athletes will receive financial assistance to help defray the costs of baseline testing from a fund named for the late Chicago Bears' Dave Duerson who committed suicide a year ago. An autopsy revealed Duerson suffered from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative brain disease. CTE is associated with repetitive head trauma and can affect judgement, mood, impulse control and memory. Computerized neuropsychological concussion tests, known as "baseline" tests, are typically taken by student-athletes prior to the beginning of their sports season on a computer at home, in a school computer lab or in a doctor's office. Structured similar to a computer game, a student-athlete will complete various online exercises that measure memory, reaction times and cognitive processing speeds. If an injury occurs the test is retaken and baseline scores are compared to post-injury values. The difference between the two can give trained medical professionals a look at potential issues that need further evaluation prior to clearing a student-athlete to return to activity. "The baseline testing gives everyone a free opportunity to pre-test," Central High School football coach John Hochstetler said. "The post-test comes with a fee, and that's where some of our youngsters run into challenges," according to The Star Press. The Dave Duerson Muncie Community Schools Athletic Safety Fund will assist injured athletes who can't afford the post-injury test at two middle schools and two high schools beginning with the 2012-2013 season. Duerson played football, basketball and baseball at Northside High School in Muncie, Ind. He went on to play for Notre Dame where he received All-American recognition in 1981 and 1982 before entering the NFL. Duerson played for the Chicago Bears, New York Giants, and the Arizona Cardinals. He earned two Super Bowl championship rings and was selected to four consecutive Pro Bowls from 1986-1989 during his eleven-year career in the NFL. Duerson was the NFL 'Man of the Year' in 1987. Source: Duerson fund will assist Muncie athletes -- The Star Press April 1, 2012 Questions/comments? contact Jean Rickerson at Jean@SportsConcussions.org

Shepherdstown, W.V. — Senator Jay Rockefeller convened a roundtable discussion at Shepherd University's Wellness Center on Friday with medical experts, sports professionals, coaches, and parents to help raise awareness of many of the causes and impacts of concussions and head injuries in young athletes. He also highlighted problems with the marketing of some sports safety equipment which claim to prevent concussions among athletes. “We all have a responsibility to make sure that kids who play sports are as safe as they can be,” said Rockefeller. “Much of the conversation about concussions has focused on professional athletes, but it affects so many children on the field, court, mat, or track. Last October, I chaired a Senate hearing to help raise awareness about concussions in youth sports, but our job is not done. We need to make sure that everyone in West Virginia knows how to reduce the number of concussions, since they can have long-term consequences for our children’s health. “Playing sports doesn’t just make kids stronger and healthier. It also teaches them important values – hard work, leadership, and the importance of working together. I encourage everyone here today to tell their friends and family about how to better protect student athletes so that we can reduce injuries, increase awareness about some false marketing of sports equipment, and make sure our kids stay healthy.” The roundtable provided an opportunity to discuss the dangers of concussions for young athletes, the steps that parents and coaches should take to protect young athletes from concussions, and the limitations of sports equipment in preventing concussions. The discussion included medical experts from West Virginia to discuss the dangers and frequency of concussions for young athletes, sports officials from the state to explain the steps currently being taken to protect young athletes from concussions on the field, and representatives from the Consumer Product Safety Commission and the Federal Trade Commission to discuss the role of the federal government in creating safety standards for products and investigating marketing claims made by manufacturers. On October 19, Rockefeller, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, held a hearing on concussions and the marketing of sports equipment to increase awareness of both the dangers of concussions for athletes participating in sports at all levels and the misleading marketing claims about concussions made by sports equipment manufacturers. Rockefeller convened the hearing because much of the discussion on concussions had largely focused on the dangers of concussions at the professional level, even though a significant percentage of those suffering concussions are children and high school students participating in sports, especially contact sports like soccer, football, and hockey. Click here to view video of the hearing Source: Senator Jay Rockefeller Questions/comments? contact Jean Rickerson at Jean@SportsConcussions.org

Like emergency workers rushing to a disaster scene, cells called microglia speed to places where the brain has been injured, to contain the damage by ‘eating up’ any cellular debris and dead or dying neurons. Scientists at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Heidelberg, Germany, have now discovered exactly how microglia detect the site of injury, thanks to a relay of molecular signals. Their work, published May 24, 2012 in Developmental Cell, paves the way for new medical approaches to conditions where microglia’s ability to locate hazardous cells and material within the brain is compromised. “Considering that they help keep our brain healthy, we know surprisingly little about microglia,” says Francesca Peri, who led the work. “Now, for the first time, we’ve identified the mechanism that allows microglia to detect brain injury, and how that emergency call is transmitted from neuron to neuron.” When an emergency occurs, cries can alert bystanders, who will dial the emergency number. A call will go out over the radio, and ambulances, police or fire engines in the area will respond as needed. In the brain, Peri and colleagues found, injured neurons send out their own distress cry: they release a molecule called glutamate. Neighbouring neurons sense that glutamate and respond by taking up calcium. As glutamate spreads out from the injury site, this creates a wave of calcium swallowing. Along that wave, as neurons take up calcium they release a third molecule, called ATP. When the wave comes within reach, a microglia cell detects that ATP and takes it as a call to action, moving in that direction – essentially tracing the wave backwards until it reaches the injury. . Lost alert: when microglia (green) cannot detect ATP (bottom), they don’t move to the injury site as they usually would (top).Photo credit: EMBL/Peri Scientists knew already that microglia can detect ATP, but this molecule doesn’t last long outside of cells, so there were doubts about how ATP alone could be a signal that carried far enough to reach microglia located far from the site of injury. The trick, as Peri and colleagues discovered, is the long-lasting glutamate-driven calcium wave that can travel the length of the brain. Thanks to this wave, the ATP signal is not just emitted by the injured cells, but is repeatedly sent out by the neurons along the way, until it reaches microglia. Dirk Sieger and Christian Moritz in Peri’s lab took advantage of the fact that zebrafish have transparent heads, which allow scientists to peer down a microscope straight into the fish’s brain. They used a laser to injure a few of the fish’s brain cells, and watched fluorescently-labelled microglia move in on the injury. When they genetically engineered zebrafish to make neurons’ calcium levels traceable under the microscope, too, the scientists were able to confirm that when the calcium wave reached microglia, these cells immediately started moving toward the injury. Knowing all the steps in this process, and how they feed into each other, could help to design treatments to improve microglia’s detection ability, which go awry in conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Source: Sieger, D, Moritz, C., Ziegenhals, T., Prykhozhij, S. & Peri, F. Long-range Ca2+ waves transmit brain damage signals to microglia.Developmental Cell, published online 24 May 2012. Questions/comments? contact Jean Rickerson at jean@SportsConcussions.org

As female participation in sports grows rapidly, there is a popular notion that there are gender-related differences in athletes' responses to sports-related concussion, and prior research has supported these gender discrepancies. However, a Vanderbilt University Medical Center study, conducted to review symptoms and neurocognitive findings in male and female high school soccer players, shows no gender-related differences. "There has been good data that suggests girls score worse on neurocognitive testing following a sports-related concussion. Our hypothesis was that a tightly-controlled study would replicate what others have shown previously," said Scott Zuckerman, M.D., a neurosurgery resident who conducted the study with colleagues at the Vanderbilt Sports Concussion Center. The researchers selected 40 male and 40 female concussed patients who were matched, as closely as possible, for age, medical/psychiatric history, years of education, lack of special education assistance, history of psychiatric treatment, number of prior concussions, timing of pre- and post-concussion testing, and sport (all engaged in soccer). This is the first study to control for type of sport played when looking a gender differences, Zuckerman said. "Prior studies have used mixed groups of athletes from a variety of sports. We suspected that since concussions vary from sport to sport (i.e., helmets vs. none, varying biomechanical forces, etc.), if the variable of sport was controlled, gender differences might disappear." The only significant gender-related difference they could identify was that female soccer players reported a greater number of symptoms post-concussion. There were no significant differences in post-concussion neurocognitive scores. "We were somewhat surprised and were not sure what to expect in such a tightly controlled population," Zuckerman said. "Our hypothesis was that females would experience greater levels of acute, post-concussive, neurocognitive impairment than males, fitting with what most of the prior literature says, but we found virtually no difference between males and females." Zuckerman said this is a significant finding for the treatment of sports-related concussion. "When we see any child after concussion, we don't want to make snap decisions based on gender. Gender may not be as big a modifying factor as previously thought." This study is the first from V-SCoRe, or Vanderbilt Sports Concussion Research. Collaborators include Allen Sills, M.D., Gary Solomon, Ph.D., Andrew Gregory, M.D., Alex Diamond, D.O., and Jonathan Forbes, M.D., and medical students Mitchell Odom and Young Lee. "This effort is just getting off the ground, and we're investigating many more modifying factors in concussion, including age, sleep, symptoms, prior history of attention deficit disorder," Zuckerman said. "Our goal is to create new knowledge in this area and help providers better understand when a young athlete can return to play safely." Story Source: The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Vanderbilt University Medical Center, via Newswise. Journal Reference: Scott Zuckerman et al. Response to acute concussive injury in soccer players: is gender a modifying factor? Clinical article. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, 2012 DOI: 10.3071/2012.8.PEDS1239

While involvement in school sports is probably one of the healthiest things, physically and mentally, your child can do, the pressure to play harder and practice longer brings an increased risk of head injury. Medical, sports and school communities are all taking a serious new look at how to treat concussions caused by a hit to, or shaking of, the head. Falls during equestrian, cheerleading and gymnastics events are producing concussions at an increasing rate, along with the more obvious contact sports like football and soccer. "A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (or TBI) and it is similar to a stroke in that both affect normal brain function and may have similar symptoms," explained Neurologist Frederick Nahm, MD, PhD, and head of the Stroke Center at Greenwich Hospital in Greenwich, Connecticut. Immediate symptoms may include confusion, disorientation and sometimes falling unconscious. Ignoring these symptoms is outright dangerous. "During a game, your adrenaline is going and you're pumped up, so it's easy to brush it off. But whether you bump your head during sports, a car accident, a fall or during military activity, it may not be until that night or a few days later that you get a headache or start to feel dizzy or nauseous," Nahm added. "The most important thing with a head injury, if you feel as though you're having symptoms you have to tell someone and seek evaluation. Taking time to heal makes a lifetime of difference Getting a 14-year-old to take it easy, to stop using the computer, to stop texting, is not easy, but it's very important to get that teenager to understand what happened. Parents need to be involved to get the injured child engaged by allowing the brain to rest as part of the healing process. Dr. Nahm points out that, "a thorough treatment plan focuses on the emotional, psychological, and behavioral issues that can arise following even a mild brain injury." Without proper healing, a student who never worried may develop anxiety about performance at school, and may find that no matter how much effort they put into it, they can't manage to hold the grade point average they had prior to injury. "These secondary complications, like anxiety disorders or a new phobia of tests, memory problems, depression, apathy, inattention and other behaviors are indelible and can be difficult to treat. It's not something the student can control or work harder to 'fix' because It's the result of an injured brain. Only a physician trained in the treatment of concussion or traumatic brain injury (typically a neurologist or neuropsychologist) can do a thorough assessment for a severe brain injury," said Dr. Nahm. Returning to nohttps://tivity without proper healing creates an increased risk of second impact syndrome; repeated head injury, especially injury before total healing has occurred, carries a far more serious threat to long-term complications. If you bang your head, take it seriously, tell someone, and even if you have no immediate symptoms, take the time for an evaluation. Photo: Courtesy College of William and Mary/ (C) Creative Commons Story Source: Science Daily: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120912093159.htm The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Greenwich Hospital. Questions/comments? Contact Jean Rickerson at jean@sportsconcussions.org

The apparent self-inflicted death of legendary NFL linebacker Junior Seau has sent a shock wave throughout the world of sports. Seau played professional football for nineteen years for the Chargers, Dolphins and Patriots and was a 12 time Pro Bowl selection. His flamboyant playing style and jolting hits electrified fans for years. He was 43 years old. This is a time for grief and remembrance. Seau was an integral part of the San Diego community and dedicated time and effort to his charitable foundation. His family needs prayers and support. Normally, speculation as to causation would be premature, but these are not normal times. The spectre of head injury and the disastrous lifetime ramifications call for emphatic action. There is a largely undiagnosed health epidemic which has surrounded contact sports at the youth sports, high school, collegiate and professional level and it is a ticking time bomb. For many years a veil of denial has obscured the reality of what the long term impact of multiple concussions portend. I first became concerned in the late 80's and 90's when I represented half the starting quarterbacks in the National Football League. As I went with clients like Troy Aikman and Steve Young to post-concussion visits with neurologists there were too many unanswered questions. How many head injuries is too many? What are the long term ramifications? How long should a player sit out after suffering the hit? Physicians had few concrete answers, the brain was the last frontier of medical research. I finally decided that I could not in good conscience represent players in a sport that we intuitively knew could cause devestating consequences to the mental faculties of athletes, without becoming an active crusader to raise awareness of the danger. I felt like an "enabler" facilitating a "meat grinder" career. In the 90's we held three concussion conferences in Newport Beach with the leading neurologists, helmet manufacturers, and playing surface representatives talking to Steve, Troy, Warren Moon, Drew Bledsoe and many other clients. We issued a white paper calling for a standardized regimen of diagnosis and "return to play protocols." We urged better helmetry and protective devices. We asked for a neurologist to be put on the sideline and that the head and neck be banned from blocking and tackling. Not much changed. The players themselves were in a state of denial concerning physical health. They had been taught from Pop Warner on to ignore pain, hide injury so as to not lose their starting position or jeopardize their status on the team. They didn't want to be known as "training room" players and be stigmatized and isolated from their peers. They were young men and athletes, two categories that viewed long term health as an abstraction. The most critical priority for them was the next play. And retired athletes were stoic and didn't talk about impaired memory or depression to younger players. In some cases, because concussion is not visible like a leg injury, they may not have known. In conjunction with the Los Angeles based Concussion Institute we helped facilitate another series of Concussion Seminars seven years ago. This time there was concrete data presented by researchers like Dr. Julian Bailes, Dr. Robert Cantu, Dr. Kevin Guskiewicz and Dr. Robert Hovda that seemed to indicate that three was the "magic number." Three or more concussions apparently raised exponentially the post-career risk of dementia, Parkinson's and depression. Presentations were made about the existence of a genotype-an allele of which produced heightened risk of concussion and severe post-concussion consequences. A pattern developed in which the repetitive head injuries produced chronic traumatic encephalopathy, permanent brain damage. Player's like the Bears' Dave Duerson developed depression. Often loss of job and family would occur. And in some cases, suicide. To their credit, Commissioner Roger Goodell and the NFL responded by convening a physician's conference. They issued a whistleblower edict which urged players to report other impaired players. And they adopted baseline testing, developed by Dr. Mark Lovell. A cognivitive test is given prior to a season and in the case of concussion is followed by a second test. This is an objective way to measure the degree of damage and insure that players are asymptomatic at rest, on an excercise bike, and at practice before they are cleared to play. This is something that every parent should insist on for their "collision sport" children. Pro football may be most visible, but the risk is present in many other sports and at the collegiate, high school and youth levels. The adolescent brain may take three times as long to recover and it is still in formation. The physics of collision have changed -- bigger,stronger, faster athletes colliding with a stationary object. And so the problem will accelerate and not diminish. The simple act of offensive and defensive lineman colliding thousands of times produces low level concussive events. What will the cumulative effect of the injury mean for athletes in their forties and fifties? I knew Junior Seau since the day he and his massive Samoan friends partied back stage as he was drafted in New York City. He was only 43. I represented him for a time. I love sports, but love the individuals who play them more. As Peter, Paul and Mary sang, "How many deaths will it take 'till we know that too many people have died?" We need to find the answers, they can't just be "blowing in the wind." Leigh Steinberg was a sports agent for almost forty years. He represented many of the nation's most recognizable athletes including Troy Aikman, Steve Young, Drew Bledsoe, and Warren Moon. Leigh negotiated over $2 billion in contracts during his career. He was also the inspiration for the 1996 movie Jerry Maguire starring Tom Cruise. He is now CEO of Steinberg Sports and Entertainment located in Los Angeles, California. Leigh is a member of the SportsConcussions.org Advisory Board. Photo, above: (c) 2009 Dave Sizer@creativecommons.com Questions/comments? contact Jean Rickerson at Jean@SportsConcussions.org

Reducing the number of concussions suffered by student-athletes is on the minds of many, including those that lead some of the most prestigious universities in the nation. Soon, following in the footsteps of changes made last year to Ivy League football programs, athletes in other sports may see the adoption of more protective measures as well. Ivy League football players saw significant changes in their practices last season after the eight presidents, two of whom are medical doctors, acted to reduce the number of impacts to their student-athletes' brains in an effort to minimize concussions. In July 2011 the Ivy League Concussion Committee developed a new set of regulations limiting full-contact practices to two per week, three less than allowed by the NCAA. In addition, of the preseason "two-a-days" only one can be full contact. Similar sport-specific regulations may be applied to other activities such as lacrosse, hockey, and soccer in the near future. “We are leading other conferences,” said Ivy League Executive Director Robin Harris. “I don’t know of any conference looking at this in the same manner that we are. We really see this as an area that we can be a leader in terms of the medical care safety of our athletes as well as in terms of the research we contribute to our collective understanding of concussions and athletics,” according to the The Harvard Crimson. Ivy League Deputy Executive Director Carolyn Campbell- McGovern was apart of this game change, “A lot of the recommendations from the football report were naturally going to be applied to other sports as well, particularly the education components, sideline testing components, and any other of those types of enhancement,” Campbell-McGovern said. Recommendations for each sport, lacrosse, soccer, and hockey, will likely be different. On Wednesday, the Ivy League Concussion Committee met in New York to discuss what changes will be made. The committee will also review recommendations made by each sport's subcommittee. Athletic trainers, including Harvard Head Athletic Trainer Brant Berkstresser, physcians, and administrators make up the concussion committee. It is co-chaired by presidents David Skorton of Cornell, and Jim Kim of Dartmouth. Harvard Medical School instructor and doctor at Children's Hospital Boston's Division of Sports Medicine, Michael J. O'Brien has ideas for change. He says he sees 300-400 concussions every month, 98 percent of them sports-related. “The bigger risk is the athlete who gets injured, flies under the radar a little bit and gets a hit a few more times in that game or in the next two or three games. The injuries to that athlete tend to be exponential, their threshold to injury is much worse, and the damage is exponential. Using computer based testing to get objective information rather than just reporting symptoms would help," O'Brien said. Source: Ivy League Aims to Abate Concussions - The Harvard Crimson March 30, 2012 Questions/comments? contact Jean Rickerson at Jean@SportsConcussions.org

President Obama's recent remarks regarding concussions in football reopened the discussion of the safety of the game just days before Super Bowl Sunday. In an interview appearing in the New Republic Obama says, "If I had a son, I'd think long and hard before I let him play football. And I think that those of us who love sports are going to have to wrestle with the fact that it will probably change gradually to try to reduce some of the violence." Leaders from sports-related organizations including pee-wee, high school, college and professional have worked for several years now to understand the injury, provide guidance to athletes and coaches, and fund research related to the effects of brain trauma. Changes have been broad and deep. NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell has surrounded himself with the most well-respected medical professionals in the concussion field, seeking their council. As co-chairmen of the NFL Head, Neck and Spine Committee, Drs. Richard Ellenbogen (chief of neurosurgery, Univ. of Washington) and Hunt Batjer (President of the Neurological Society of America) have assembled an impressive team, including senior adviser Dr. Robert Cantu, co-director Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE, is a degenerative brain disorder suspected to be associated with repetitive hits to the head. Previously only diagnosed post-mortem, evidence of the disease was recently found in five former NFL players who took part in a groundbreaking diagnostic study at UCLA. The committee is also actively involved in improving on-field recognition and assessment policies, helmet technology, and brain impact research. In 2011, the NFL dedicated over $100 million over the next decade to medical research, with the vast majority of those dollars committed to the science of concussions, their prevention and care. Concussions have always been a part of sports, and have never been limited to football. Soccer, volleyball, wrestling, lacrosse, bicycling, and yes, playground activities can all cause concussive injuries. Girls are at risk as much as boys. Seniors and soldiers suffer too. Change of this magnitude takes time. Those athletes who have paid the price through their individual suffering are heroes, having opened the door for the rest of us, exposing an issue whose time is due. Former NFL linebacker Junior Seau, who tragically took his own life in 2012 at age 43, was later diagnosed with CTE, which many believe contributed to his death. He and the other NFL, NHL and professional boxers who died at a young age and were later diagnosed with CTE, have commanded our attention. In 2006, Zachery Lystedt suffered a debilitating brain injury during a middle school football game at age 14, and now fights daily to escape his wheelchair. Zachery, with the help of Commissioner Goodell and the NFL, led us to develop legislation in almost every state helping to safeguard youth athletes from the effects of concussions. Zach's hero, Baltimore Ravens Ray Lewis will play in Sunday's Super Bowl. Zach and the estimated 111 million viewers will watch a safer game, one that is still evolving, striving to maintain the integrity of the contest while preserving the health of its players for the future. Thankfully, visionaries like Commissioner Goodell appear in the right place at the right time. Under his leadership the NFL has, and is, providing a road map and the necessary funding to investigate the questions and find solutions that will improve our understanding of risk as it applies to protecting our youth, preserving the competitive spirit, and honoring the bonds that bind us as teammates and fans. Photo courtesy: Creative Commons; copyright dcJohn 2004

KANSAS CITY, Mo. -- The National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) issued a warning to athletes and parents of athletes to thoroughly understand the extent of protection provided by – or not provided by – athletic equipment worn while playing sports. This warning follows claims made by several companies that products such as head bands, supplements or mouth guards reduce the incident of concussion. NOCSAE issued the warning at the onset of its summer meeting held this year in Kansas City. NOCSAE is an independent organization with the dual purpose of setting standards for the performance of athletic equipment and funding research necessary to advance the science of sports. Through NOCSAE's independent process, physicians, academic researchers, coaches, trainers and manufacturers come together to establish standards based on accepted science and reliable data. "Parents, athletes and coaches are becoming more informed about concussions, and this increased awareness is vitally important to advancing athlete safety. But it also creates a demand for quick solutions. Unfortunately there are quick solutions offered for sale which have neither scientific nor medical support that validate their claims to prevent or reduce concussions," said Mike Oliver, NOCSAE executive director. "Any device or supplement promoted as being able to prevent, diagnose or cure a concussion must be supported by scientific data and peer-reviewed research. Currently there is no definitive scientific research linking mouth guards, head bands, supplements or other specialty products to a reduction in concussion risk or severity. For companies to suggest otherwise misleads athletes, parents and coaches into a dangerous false sense of protection against concussion. NOCSAE warns athletes and parents of athletes to get the facts about sports equipment and concussion protection and not rely solely on marketing and promotional materials when making equipment decisions." NOCSAE does not maintain any standards for such products, and, therefore, no such products can be claimed as meeting the NOCSAE standards. While protective equipment certified to the NOCSAE standard play an incredibly important role in protecting athletes on the field of play, they should be not the primary approach to protecting against concussion. Learning to avoid unnecessary head impacts, reporting concussion symptoms to a coach or parent and following trained medical management decisions about when a concussed athlete can return to play are far more likely to prevent a concussion or reduce the chance of chronic problems that may be related to untreated concussions. For more information, please visit www.nocsae.org. About NOCSAE NOCSAE, the Nhttps:// Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment, is an independent and nonprofit standard-setting body with the sole mission to enhance athletic safety through scientific research and the creation of performance standards for protective equipment. Formed in 1969, NOCSAE is a leading force in the effort to improve athletic equipment and, as a result, reduce injuries. NOCSAE efforts include the development of performance and test standards for football helmets and facemasks, baseball and softball batters and catchers helmets, baseballs and softballs, ice hockey helmets, soccer shin guards, lacrosse helmets and facemasks and polo helmets. NOCSAE is comprised of representatives from a number of groups which have an interest in athletic equipment – including manufacturers, reconditioners, athletic trainers, coaches, equipment managers, sports medicine and consumer organizations. These diverse interests have joined forces in an attempt to arrive at a common goal of reducing sports-related injuries. NOCSAE is a nonprofit, charitable organization supported by individuals and organizations with an interest in athletics. SOURCE: National Operhttps://ommittee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) Questions/comments? contact Jean Rickerson at jean@SportsConcussions.org Back to top RELATED LINKShttps://www.nocsae.org Source: PR Newswire (https://s.tt/1ezQW)